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轉貼 TC TS DVDRip的名詞解釋(原作者為SamChen,文章出處為18p2p.com,如有侵權或是原作者覺得被侵犯權益,我會立即拿下本文)
關於DVDScr, Screener,TS, TC等常見術語
從文件名"12.29.02.Lord.Of.The.Rings.The.Two.Towers.*SVCD*.*TS*.FTF"中可以知道什麼信息呢？
12.29.02表示發佈的日期。
Lord.Of.The.Rings.The.Two.Towers是電影的名字。
*SVCD*表示發佈的格式是SVCD
*TS*表示影片的來源是TELESYNC （TS）。
有很多網友問及SCREENER，TS，TC，PDVD是什麼意思，以及質量如何。也看見有網友發表關於電影發佈版本術語的解釋，我覺得有不確切的地方。比如PROPER並不代表質量完美，TS或Telesync並非指從放影機轉制。其實Telesync和CAM都是用digital camera或camcorder在影院錄製（俗稱槍版），質量起伏很大。
下面是我從VCDQuality.com轉摘的關於這些術語的解釋。本人現在翻譯了關於片源部分。中英文對照，因為錯誤總是難免的。
翻譯者：huaye at TLF BBS
Source
來源
CAM -
A cam is a theater rip usually done with a digital video camera. A mini tripod is sometimes used, but a lot of the time this wont be possible, so the camera make shake. Also seating placement isn't always idle, and it might be filmed from an angle. If cropped properly, this is hard to tell unless there's text on the screen, but a lot of times these are left with triangular borders on the top and bottom of the screen. Sound is taken from the onboard microphone of the camera, and especially in comedies, laughter can often be heard during the film. Due to these factors picture and sound quality are usually quite poor, but sometimes we're lucky, and the theater will be fairly empty and a fairly clear signal will be heard.
CAM通常是用數碼攝像機從電影院盜錄。有時會使用小三角架，但大多數時候不可能使用，所以攝像機會抖動。同時由於放攝像機的座位並非總是空的，使得有時拍攝不是水平的。如果後期剪裁很好，這很難看出，除非屏幕下方有字幕。由
於聲音是從攝像機自帶的話筒錄製，所以經常會錄到觀眾的笑聲等聲音，尤其是喜劇片。因為這些因素，圖像和聲音質量通常都很差。但有時很幸運電影院相當空，這樣會錄到好一些的聲音。
TELESYNC (TS) -
A telesync is the same spec as a CAM except it uses an external audio source (most likely an audio jack in the chair for hard of hearing people). A direct audio source does not ensure a good quality audio source, as a lot of background noise can interfere. A lot of the times a telesync is filmed in an empty cinema or from the projection booth with a professional camera, giving a better picture quality. Quality ranges drastically, check the sample before downloading the full release. A high percentage of Telesyncs are CAMs that have been mislabeled.
除了使用外置的音源（一般是影院座椅上為聽力不好的人設的耳機孔），TELESYSNC(TS) 和CAM的標準是相同的。這個直接的音源並不能保證是好的音源，這是它因為受到很多背景噪音的干擾。很多時候TS是在空的影院錄製，或是用專業攝像機在投影室錄製，所以圖像質量可能比CAM好。質量的起伏可能很大，在下載前最好查看SAMPLE。很大比例的TS是從CAM錯誤標記成。
TELECINE (TC) -
A telecine machine copies the film digitally from the reels. Sound and picture should be very good, but due to the equipment involved and cost telecines are fairly uncommon. Generally the film will be in
correct aspect ratio, although 4:3 telecines have existed. A great example is the JURASSIC PARK 3 TC done last year. TC should not be confused with TimeCode , which is a visible counter on screen throughout the film.
TELECINE (TC) 使用電視電影機從膠片直接數字拷貝，其圖像和聲音質量應該很好。但由於使用的設備和費用很高，TC很少見。通常會使用正確的高寬比，但有時也有4:3的TC。去年的侏羅紀公園III是一個很好的例子。不應將TC和TimeCode(時間碼)混淆，時間碼是一個在屏幕上可見的計數器。
SCREENER (SCR) -
A pre VHS tape, sent to rental stores, and various other places for promotional use. A screener is supplied on a VHS tape, and is usually in a 4:3 (full screen) a/r, although letterboxed screeners are sometimes found. The main draw back is a "ticker" (a message that scrolls past at the bottom of the screen, with the copyright and anti-copy telephone number). Also, if the tape contains any serial numbers, or any other markings that could lead to the source of the tape, these will have to be blocked, usually with a black mark over the section. This is sometimes only for a few seconds, but unfortunately on some copies this will last for the entire film, and some can be quite big. Depending on the equipment used, screener quality can range from excellent if done from a MASTER copy, to very poor if done on an old VHS recorder thru poor capture equipment on a copied tape. Most screeners are transferred to VCD, but a few attempts at SVCD have occurred, some looking better than others.
SCREENER(SCR)是在電影發行VHS錄像帶之前送到錄像出租店及其他地方用做促銷目的。SCREENER使用VHS錄像帶，通常使用4:3（全屏）的高寬比，但有時也會有LETTERBOXED(1.85:1寬銀幕) SCREENER. 主要的缺點是有「TICKER」（在屏幕下方滾動的消息，包含版權和反盜版電話號碼）。同時，如果錄像帶包含任何序列號或可以導致查出錄像帶來源的記號，這些記號必須被遮掉，通常使用一個黑斑遮住上述部位。有時這些記號只出現幾秒鐘，有時也可能不幸在怎個電影中出現，而且有時會很大。根據使用的設備，SCREENER的質量可能是極好，如果是從原版拷貝；也可能很差，如果是從翻錄的拷貝錄製，同時又使用很爛的捕捉設備和錄像機。大多數的SCREENER被轉製成VCD，現在也出現了SVCD；有些看起來比另一些好。
DVD-SCREENER (DVDscr) -
Same premise as a screener, but transferred off a DVD. Usually letterbox , but without the extras that a DVD retail would contain. The ticker is not usually in the black bars, and will disrupt the viewing. If the ripper has any skill, a DVDscr should be very good. Usually transferred to SVCD or DivX/XviD.
DVD-SCREENER(DVDscr)和SCREENER相似，但是從DVD轉制。通常是1.85:1寬銀幕，但是不包括零售版會有的花絮。TICKER經常不在黑邊裡，所以會影響觀看。如果轉制者稍有技術，DVDScr應該很好。通常被轉製成SVCD或DivX/XviD。
DVDRip -
A copy of the final released DVD. If possible this is released PRE retail (for example, Star Wars episode 2) again, should be excellent quality. DVDrips are released in SVCD and DivX/XviD.
DVDRip是從最終版的DVD轉制。如果可能，應該是使用預售版（比如，星球大戰2）。質量應該很好。通常被發佈成SVCD或DivX/XviD
VHSRip -
Transferred off a retail VHS, mainly skating/sports videos and XXX releases.
VHSRip是從零售版VHS錄像帶轉制，主要是滑冰/體育內容和XXX發佈。
TVRip -
TV episode that is either from Network (capped using digital cable/satellite boxes are preferable) or PRE-AIR from satellite feeds sending the program around to networks a few days earlier (do not contain "dogs" but sometimes have flickers etc) Some programs such as WWF Raw Is War contain extra parts, and the "dark matches" and camera/commentary tests are included on the rips. PDTV is capped from a digital TV PCI card, generally giving the best results, and groups tend to release in SVCD for these. VCD/SVCD/DivX/XviD rips are all supported by the TV scene.
從電視（最好是從數碼有線電視/衛星電視捕捉）轉制的電視劇，或接收由衛星提前幾天向電視網傳送的預播節目（不包含加密但有時有雪花）。有些節目，比如WWF RAW IS WAR包含多餘的部分；"DARK MATCHES"和CAMERA/COMMENTARY測試被包含在TVRip裡。PDTV是從PCI數碼電視卡捕捉，通常效果最好；破解組織傾向於使用SVCD來發佈。VCD/SVCD/DivX/XviD rips也都被用於發佈TVRip。
WORKPRINT (WP) -
A workprint is a copy of the film that has not been finished. It can be missing scenes, music, and quality can range from excellent to very poor. Some WPs are very different from the final print (Men In Black is missing all the aliens, and has actors in their places) and others can contain extra scenes (Jay and Silent Bob) . WPs can be nice additions to the collection once a good quality final has been obtained.
WORKPRITN (WP)是從未完成的電影拷貝轉制而成，可能會缺失镜頭和音樂。質量可能從最好到很差。有些WP可能和最終版本相差很遠。(MEN IN BLACK的WP丟失了所有的外星人，代之以演員)；另一些則包括多餘的镜頭(Jay and Silent Bob). WPs可以作為有了好質量的最終版本後的附加收藏。
DivX Re-Enc -
A DivX re-enc is a film that has been taken from its original VCD source, and re-encoded into a small DivX file. Most commonly found on file sharers, these are usually labeled something like Film.Name.Group(1of2) etc. Common groups are SMR and TND. These aren't really worth downloading, unless you're that unsure about a film u only want a 200mb copy of it. Generally avoid.
DivXRe-Enc是從原始VCD發佈用DivX編碼成的小一些的文件。通常可在文件共享網絡找到。它們通常以Film.Name.Group(1of2)等形式命名。常見的發佈組織有SMR和TND。這些版本通常不值得下載，除非你不清楚某部電影，只想要200MB的版本。一般應避免。
Watermarks -
A lot of films come from Asian Silvers/PDVD (see below) and these are tagged by the people responsible. Usually with a letter/initials or a little logo, generally in one of the corners. Most famous are the "Z" "A" and "Globe" watermarks.
很多從Asian Silvers/PDVD (參看下面)來的電影帶有製作人的標記。通常是一個字母，名字縮寫或圖標，位於屏幕一角。最有名的是"Z","A"和"Globe".
Asian Silvers / PDVD -
These are films put out by eastern bootleggers, and these are usually bought by some groups to put out as their own. Silvers are very cheap and easily available in a lot of countries, and its easy to put out a release, which is why there are so many in the scene at the moment, mainly from smaller groups who don't last more than a few releases. PDVDs are the same thing pressed onto a DVD. They have removable subtitles, and the quality is usually better than the silvers. These are ripped like a normal DVD, but usually released as VCD.
Asian Silvers / PDVD是亞洲盜版商發行影片的，通常被一些發佈組織購買來當做他們自己的發佈。Silvers很便宜，在很多國家都很容易找到。發佈Silvers很容易，所以現在有很多發佈，主要是由一些小的組織發佈；這些組織通常發佈幾個RELEASE後就不見了。PDVD和Silver一樣，不過是壓在DVD上。PDVD通常有外掛字幕，質量也比Silver好。PDVD象普通的DVD一樣轉制，但通常用VCD的格式發佈。
Scene Tags
發佈文件的標誌
PROPER -
Due to scene rules, whoever releases the first Telesync has won that race (for example). But if the quality of that release is fairly poor, if another group has another telesync (or the same source in higher quality) then the tag PROPER is added to the folder to avoid being duped. PROPER is the most subjective tag in the scene, and a lot of people will generally argue whether the PROPER is better than the original release. A lot of groups release PROPERS just out of desperation due to losing the race. A reason for the PROPER should always be included in the NFO.
根據發佈規則，最先發佈Telesync (TS)的組織贏得(TS發佈的)比賽。但是，如果這個發佈版本質量很差，同時另一組織有另一TS版本(或質量更好的同一片源)，那麼標記PROPER被加到目錄上以避免重複。PROPER是一個最主觀的標記，很多人會爭論是否PROPER比原始發佈版本好。很多發佈組織只不過因為輸掉了發佈比賽而發佈PROPER。發佈PROPER的原因因該總是包含在NFO文件裡。
SUBBED -
In the case of a VCD, if a release is subbed, it usually means it has hard encoded subtitles burnt throughout the movie. These are generally in malaysian/chinese/thai etc, and sometimes there are two different languages, which can take up quite a large amount of the screen. SVCD supports switch able subtitles, so some DVDRips are released with switch able subs. This will be mentioned in the NFO file if included.
對於VCD發佈而言，SUBBED通常表示字幕被壓進了電影。它們通常是馬來語/中文/泰文等，有時有兩種語言。它們可能佔據了很大一部分屏幕。SVCD支持外掛字幕，所以DVDRip用外掛字幕發佈。這些信息可以在NFO文件中找到。
UNSUBBED -
When a film has had a subbed release in the past, an Unsubbed release may be released
當一部電影曾經發佈過有字幕的SUBBED版本，沒字幕的UNSUBBED版本也可能發佈。
LIMITED -
A limited movie means it has had a limited theater run, generally opening in less than 250 theaters, generally smaller films (such as art house films) are released as limited.
LIMITED電影指該電影只在有限的電影院放映，通常少於250家。通常較小的電影（比如藝術電影）的發行是LIMETED。
INTERNAL -
An internal release is done for several reasons. Classic DVD groups do a lot of .INTERNAL. releases, as they wont be dupe'd on it. Also lower quality theater rips are done INTERNAL so not to lower the reputation of the group, or due to the amount of rips done already. An INTERNAL release is available as normal on the groups affiliate sites, but they can't be traded to other sites without request from the site ops. Some INTERNAL releases still trickle down to IRC/Newsgroups, it usually depends on the title and the popularity. Earlier in the year people referred to Centropy going "internal". This meant the group were only releasing the movies to their members and site ops. This is in a different context to the usual definition.
INTERNAL發佈有幾個原因。經典的DVD組織有很多.INTERNAL.發佈版本，這樣不會引起混淆。同時，低質量的發佈會加以INTERNAL標記，這樣不會降低發佈組織的聲譽，或由於已經發佈的數量。INTERNAL發佈可以正常的在組織的會員網站上獲取，但沒有其他網站管理員的要求它們不可以被交換到其他網站。一些TERNAL發佈仍然流到IRC/NEWSGROUP，這通常取決於電影及其流行度。今年早些時候，人們把CENTROPY做為INTERNAL。這表示發佈組織只向其會員和網站管理員發佈。這和其通常意思不同。
STV -
Straight To Video. Was never released in theaters, and therefore a lot of sites do not allow these.
STV表示電影從未在電影院放映過就被發佈，因此很多望網站不允許STV。
ASPECT RATIO TAGS -
These are *WS* for widescreen (letterbox) and *FS* for Fullscreen.
*ws*表示寬銀幕，*FS*表示全屏幕。
RECODE -
A recode is a previously released version, usually filtered through TMPGenc to remove subtitles, fix color etc. Whilst they can look better, its not looked upon highly as groups are expected to obtain their own sources.
RECODE是以前已經發佈過的版本，通常用TMPGenc編碼過濾以去除字幕，糾正顏色等。雖然它們看起來好一些，但通常不認為這是好的行為因為發佈組織應該去找他們自己的片源。
REPACK -
If a group releases a bad rip, they will release a Repack which will fix the problems.
如果發佈組織發佈了一個壞的版本，他們會發佈REPACK來解決這些問題。
NUKED -
A film can be nuked for various reasons. Individual sites will nuke for breaking their rules (such as "No Telesyncs") but if the film has something extremely wrong with it (no soundtrack for 20mins, CD2 is incorrect film/game etc) then a global nuke will occur, and people trading it across sites will lose their credits. Nuked films can still reach other sources such as p2p/usenet, but its a good idea to check why it was nuked first in case. If a group realise there is something wrong, they can request a nuke.
一個發佈可能因為多種原因被NUKE掉。有些網站會因為違犯他們的規則而NUKE發佈(比如不允許發佈TS版本)。但如果發佈的版本有很大的問題(如20分鐘沒有聲音，CD2是錯誤的電影或遊戲)，那麼所有的網站都會NUKE這個發佈。在這些網站上交換NUKED版本的人會失掉他們的信譽。但NUKED發佈仍然可以通過P2P/USENET傳播，所以應該總是首先找到其被NUKE的原因以防萬一。如果發佈組織發覺他們的發佈有問題，他們可以要求NUKE。
NUKE REASONS :: this is a list of common reasons a film can be nuked for (generally DVDRip)
常見的NUKE原因(通常是DVDRIP)：
** BAD A/R ** :: bad aspect ratio, ie people appear too fat/thin
錯誤的高寬比，即畫面太胖或太瘦。
** BAD IVTC ** :: bad inverse telecine. process of converting framerates was incorrect.
錯誤的反轉電視電影TC。轉換禎頻不對。
** INTERLACED ** :: black lines on movement as the field order is incorrect.
移動的黑線，由於field order不正確。
DUPE -
Dupe is quite simply, if something exists already, then theres no reason for it to exist again without proper reason.
DUPE很簡單。如果某個電影發佈已有，那麼沒有合適的理由就不因該允許它的存在。
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